John Locke

John Locke (1632–1704) was a pivotal figure in the development of modern philosophy. His work "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding," published in 1689, laid the foundation for empiricism, emphasizing the role of sensory experience in the formation of ideas. Locke also played a significant role in political theory with his "Two Treatises of Government" (1689), advocating the principles of natural rights and government by consent, which profoundly influenced the development of liberal democracy. During the Glorious Revolution, Locke's ideas provided the intellectual underpinning for the transition to constitutional monarchy in England. Additionally, his "Letter Concerning Toleration" (1689) argued for religious tolerance and the separation of church and state, marking a significant departure from prevailing norms.